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Gemini 3 |
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Gemini 3 was a 1965 manned space flight in NASA's Gemini program. It was the first manned Gemini flight, the ninth manned American flight and the 17th manned spaceflight of all time (includes X-15 flights over 100 kilometers). Crew
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ObjectivesThis first manned flight of the Gemini spacecraft was very much a test flight. In a playful reference to the Broadway hit The Unsinkable Molly Brown, Grissom nicknamed the Gemini 3 spacecraft "Molly Brown," hoping that it would not duplicate his experience with Liberty Bell 7. (It was the last Gemini to be named by an astronaut. All subsequent flights in the program were designated by a Roman numeral.) The mission's primary goal was to test the new, maneuverable Gemini spacecraft. In space, the crew fired thrusters to change the shape of their orbit, shift their orbital plane slightly, and drop to a lower altitude. Other firsts were achieved on Gemini 3: two people flew aboard an American spacecraft (the Soviet Union launched a three-man crew on Voskhod 1 in 1964, upstaging the two-man Gemini and three-man Apollo programs); the first manned re-entry where the spacecraft was able to produce lift to change its touchdown point.FlightThe only major incident during the orbital phase involved a contraband corned beef sandwich that Young had snuck on board. The transcript of the crew's conversation during the episode reveals Grissom was unimpressed: (C=Commander Grissom, P=Pilot Young)
The crew each took a few bites before the sandwich had to be restowed. The crumbs it released could have wreaked havoc with the craft's electronics, so the crew were reprimanded when they returned to Earth. Other crews were warned not to pull the same type of stunt again. ) Launch of the first manned Gemini flight Early in the flight there was a minor problem with one of the Orbital maneuvering system thrusters: This is of interest as a similar problem with a stuck thruster in Gemini 8 became much more significant, as Neil Armstrong took some time to regain control of the spinning vehicle. In this mission the problem did not get out of hand, and the thruster was disabled. The crew made their first orbit change an hour and a half into the flight. The burn lasted 75 seconds and moved them from a 122 by 175 kilometer orbit to a nearly circular one with a drop in speed of 15 metres per second. The second burn was 45 minutes later when the orbital inclination was changed by 0.02 degrees. The last burn came during the third orbit when the perigee was lowered to 72 kilometers. This meant that even if retrorockets had failed, they would still have reentered. When reentry finally occurred, crew commented that even the colours matched ground simulations. On descent, the capsule shifted from a vertical to horizontal attitude under its parachutes. The change was so sudden that Grissom cracked his faceplate (made of plexiglas) on the control panel in front of him. Later Gemini spacesuits and all Apollo and Space Shuttle (both the launch-entry and EVA suits) used polycarbonate plastic. The craft landed eventually 84 kilometers short of its intended splashdown point. Wind tunnel testing incorrectly predicted the craft's ability to compensate for course deviation. When the crew discovered the error, they decided to stay in the capsule, not wanting to open the hatch before the arrival of the recovery ship. The crew spent an uncomfortable half an hour in a spacecraft never designed to be a boat. Due to unexpected smoke from the thrusters the crew decided to deviate from the post landing checklist and to keep their helmets on with the face plates closed for some time after splashdown [1]. The USS Intrepid recovered the craft and crew. The Gemini 3 mission was supported by the following United States Department of Defense resources: 10,185 personnel, 126 aircraft and 27 ships. InsigniaThe mission insignia was not worn by the flight crew as a patch, like those from Gemini 5 onwards. The Gemini 3 Molly Brown logo was designed and minted on gold plated, sterling silver, 1-inch (25-mm) medallions. The crew carried a number of these medallions into space to give to their families and friends. The same design was imprinted on the cover of Gus Grissom's book, GEMINI, and John Young was seen wearing the Molly Brown logo as a patch on his flightsuit as late as 1981.The name "Molly Brown" was chosen by Grissom as a reference to the sinking of Liberty Bell 7; NASA officials found the slightly sarcastic reference embarrassing, and astronauts were not allowed to name their spacecraft again until Apollo 9 when for the first time, two spacecraft would be operating independently as part of the same mission. Capsule locationThe capsule is on display within the Grissom Memorial of Spring Mill State Park, two miles east of Grissom's hometown of Mitchell, Indiana.ReferencesExternal links
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..... Click the link for more information. 19th century - 20th century - 21st century 1930s 1940s 1950s - 1960s - 1970s 1980s 1990s 1962 1963 1964 - 1965 - 1966 1967 1968 Year 1965 (MCMLXV ..... Click the link for more information. Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) is a high-precision atomic time standard. UTC has uniform seconds defined by International Atomic Time (TAI), with leap seconds announced at irregular intervals to compensate for the earth's slowing rotation and other discrepancies. ..... Click the link for more information. Cape Canaveral from the spanish Cabo Cañaveral, is a headland in Brevard County, Florida, United States, near the center of that state's Atlantic coast at and is also 45 minutes East of Orlando by car. ..... Click the link for more information. Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 19 (LC-19) is a launch site at Merritt Island, Cape Canaveral, Florida. Notably, it was used by NASA to launch all of the Gemini manned spaceflights. It was also used by unmanned Titan I and Titan II launch vehicles. ..... Click the link for more information. March 23 is the 1st day of the year (2nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 0 days remaining. Events
..... Click the link for more information. 19th century - 20th century - 21st century 1930s 1940s 1950s - 1960s - 1970s 1980s 1990s 1962 1963 1964 - 1965 - 1966 1967 1968 Year 1965 (MCMLXV ..... Click the link for more information. 19th century - 20th century - 21st century 1930s 1940s 1950s - 1960s - 1970s 1980s 1990s 1962 1963 1964 - 1965 - 1966 1967 1968 Year 1965 (MCMLXV ..... Click the link for more information. National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA logo Motto: For the Benefit of All[1] NASA seal Agency overview Formed 29 July 1958 Headquarters Washington D.C. Annual Budget $16. ..... Click the link for more information. Project Gemini was the second human spaceflight program of the United States of America. It operated between Projects Mercury and Apollo, with 10 manned flights occurring in 1965 and 1966. ..... Click the link for more information. Project Gemini was the second human spaceflight program of the United States of America. It operated between Projects Mercury and Apollo, with 10 manned flights occurring in 1965 and 1966. ..... Click the link for more information. Type Rocket plane Manufacturer North American Aviation Maiden flight 8 June 1959 Introduced 17 September 1959 Retired December 1968 Status Museum piece Primary users U.S. ..... Click the link for more information. 1 kilometre = A kilometre (American spelling: kilometer, symbol kmSI units 0 m 0106 mm US customary / Imperial units 0 ft 0 mi ..... Click the link for more information. Virgil Ivan "Gus" Grissom NASA Astronaut Nationality American Status Killed during training Born April 3, 1926 Mitchell, Indiana Died January 27, 1967 (age 40) ..... Click the link for more information. John Watts Young NASA Astronaut Nationality American Status Retired Born September 24 1930 ..... Click the link for more information. Walter Schirra NASA Astronaut Nationality American Born March 12, 1923 Hackensack, New Jersey Died May 3 2007 (aged 84) La Jolla, California Other occupation Test Pilot ..... Click the link for more information. Thomas Patten Stafford NASA Astronaut Nationality American Born September 17 1930 ..... Click the link for more information. Mass is a fundamental concept in physics, roughly corresponding to the intuitive idea of "how much matter there is in an object". Mass is a central concept of classical mechanics and related subjects, and there are several definitions of mass within the framework of relativistic ..... Click the link for more information. kilogram or kilogramme (symbol: kg) is the SI base unit of mass. The kilogram is defined as being equal to the mass of the International Prototype Kilogram (IPK), which is almost exactly equal to the mass of one liter of water. ..... Click the link for more information. Perigee is the point at which an object in orbit around the Earth makes its closest approach to the Earth. This term commonly refers to the Moon but can be applied to any earth-orbiting body, such as artificial satellites. ..... Click the link for more information. ..... Click the link for more information. For the science fiction novella by William Shunn, see . Inclination in general is the angle between a reference plane and another plane or axis of direction. ..... Click the link for more information. The orbital period is the time taken for a planet (or another object) to make one complete orbit. When mentioned without further qualification in astronomy this refers to the sidereal period of an astronomical object, which is calculated with respect to the stars. ..... Click the link for more information. March 23 is the 1st day of the year (2nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 0 days remaining. Events
..... Click the link for more information. 19th century - 20th century - 21st century 1930s 1940s 1950s - 1960s - 1970s 1980s 1990s 1962 1963 1964 - 1965 - 1966 1967 1968 Year 1965 (MCMLXV ..... Click the link for more information. Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) is a high-precision atomic time standard. UTC has uniform seconds defined by International Atomic Time (TAI), with leap seconds announced at irregular intervals to compensate for the earth's slowing rotation and other discrepancies. ..... Click the link for more information. City of Corpus Christi (matt caffey) Flag Seal Nickname: Sparkling City by the Sea Location in the state of Texas Coordinates: Country United States ..... Click the link for more information. The Orbit Attitude and Maneuvering System or OAMS was a propulsion system used in orbit by the Gemini spacecraft. Besides letting a pilot steer the spacecraft, the OAMS also held the ship steady in orbit and, at the start of the mission, provided the power to push the ..... Click the link for more information. In general physics, delta-v is simply the change in velocity. Depending on the situation, delta-v can be referred to as a spatial vector () or scalar (). In both cases it is equal to the acceleration (vector or scalar) integrated over time: ..... Click the link for more information. 1 metre = The metre or meter[1](symbol: m) is the fundamental unit of length in the International System of Units (SI).SI units 1000 mm 0 cm US customary / Imperial units 0 ft 0 in ..... Click the link for more information. This article is copied from an article on Wikipedia® - the free encyclopedia created and edited by online user community. The text was not checked or edited by anyone on our staff. Although the vast majority of the Wikipedia® encyclopedia articles provide accurate and timely information please do not assume the accuracy of any particular article. This article is distributed under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License. How to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us, add a link to this page, add the site to iGoogle, or visit webmaster's page for free fun content. |
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