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Wilhelm Wien

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Wilhelm Wien
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Wilhelm Carl Werner Otto Fritz Franz Wien

Wilhelm Carl Werner Otto Fritz Franz Wien
BornJanuary 13 1864(1864--)
Fischhausen, East Prussia
DiedJuly 30 1928 (aged 64)
Munich, Germany
Residence Germany
Nationality German
FieldPhysicist
InstitutionsUniversity of Giessen
University of Würzburg
University of Munich
Alma materUniversity of Göttingen
University of Berlin
Academic advisor  Hermann von Helmholtz
Notable students  Karl Hartmann
Known forBlackbody radiation
Notable prizes Nobel Prize for Physics (1911)
Wilhelm Carl Werner Otto Fritz Franz Wien (January 13, 1864August 30, 1928) was a German physicist who, in 1893, used theories about heat and electromagnetism to compose Wien's displacement law, which relates the maximum emission of a blackbody to its temperature.

As Max von Laue wrote of Wien, "his immortal glory" was that he "led us to the very gates of quantum physics".

Wien was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics for 1911. A crater on Mars is named in his honor.

In 1913 he was invited as an Ernest Kempton Adams Lecturer in Theoretical Physics from Columbia University.

Early life

Wien was born at Fischhausen, in East Prussia (now Russia) as the son of landowner Carl Wien. In 1866, his family moved to Drachstein, in Rastenburg, East Prussia.

Education

In 1879, Wien went to school in Rastenburg and from 1880-1882 he attended the city school of Heidelberg. In 1882 he attended the University of Göttingen and the University of Berlin. From 1883-85, he worked in the laboratory of Hermann von Helmholtz and, in 1886, he received his Ph.D. with a thesis on the diffraction of light upon metals and on the influence of various materials upon the color of refracted light. From 1896 to 1899, Wien lectured at the prestigious Aachen University of Technology. In 1900 he went to the University Würzburg and became successor of Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen.

Work by Wien

In 1896 Wien derived a distribution law of radiation. Planck, who was a colleague of Wien's when he was carrying out this work, later, in 1900, based quantum theory on the fact that Wien's law, while valid at high frequencies, broke down completely at low frequencies.

While studying streams of ionized gas Wien, in 1898, identified a positive particle equal in mass to the hydrogen atom. Wien, with this work, laid the foundation of mass spectroscopy. J J Thomson refined Wien's apparatus and conducted further experiments in 1913 then, after work by E Rutherford in 1919, Wien's particle was accepted and named the proton.

Wien received the 1911 Nobel Prize for his work on heat radiation.

Wien's Distribution Law

Books by Wien

Lehrbuch der Hydrodynamik (1900, physics)

Aus dem Leben und Wirken eines Physikers (1930, memoir)

External links

References

  • E. Rüchardt (1955). "Zur Erinnerung an Wilhelm Wien bei der 25. Wiederkehr seines Todestages". Naturwissenschaften 42 (3): 57-62. DOI:10.1007/BF00589524. 
  • E. Rüchardt (1936). "Zur Entdeckung der Kanalstrahlen vor fünfzig Jahren". Naturwissenschaften 24 (30): 57-62. DOI:10.1007/BF01473963. 


Persondata
NAMEWien, Wilhelm
ALTERNATIVE NAMES
SHORT DESCRIPTIONPhysicist
DATE OF BIRTHJanuary 13, 1864
PLACE OF BIRTHFischhausen, East Prussia
DATE OF DEATHAugust 30, 1928
PLACE OF DEATHMunich, Germany
January 13 is the 1st day of the year (2nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 0 days remaining.

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Primorsk, prior to 1945 known by its German name Fischhausen (Russian: Примо́рск; German:
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Prussia (German: [1]; Latin: Borussia, Prutenia; Latvian: Prūsija
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München
Munich

Frauenkirche and Town Hall steeple
Coat of arms Location

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"Das Lied der Deutschen" (third stanza)
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Anthem
"Das Lied der Deutschen" (third stanza)
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Anthem
"Das Lied der Deutschen" (third stanza)
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physicist is a scientist who studies or practices physics. Physicists study a wide range of physical phenomena spanning all length scales: from the sub-atomic particles from which all ordinary matter is made (particle physics) to the behavior of the material Universe as a whole
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The University of Gießen (German: Universität Gießen) is officially called Justus Liebig-Universität Gießen after its most famous member, Justus von Liebig, the founder of modern agricultural chemistry and inventor of artificial fertiliser.
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University of Würzburg is a university in Würzburg, Germany, founded in 1402.

Name

The University’s official name is Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg which translates to Julius Maximilian University Würzburg
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Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (German: Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München), also known as LMU, is a university in Munich and, with almost 47,000 students, is the biggest university in Germany.
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Georg-August University of Göttingen (Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, often called the Georgia Augusta) is a German university, founded in 1734 by George II, King of Great Britain and Elector of Hanover, and opened in 1737.
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Humboldt University of Berlin (German Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin) is Berlin's oldest university, founded in 1810 as the University of Berlin (Universität zu Berlin
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Hermann von Helmholtz

Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz
Born July 31 1821(1821--)
Potsdam, Germany
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black body is an object that absorbs all electromagnetic radiation that falls onto it. No radiation passes through it and none is reflected. It is this lack of both transmission and reflection to which the name refers.
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Nobel Prize in Physics (Swedish: Nobelpriset i fysik) is awarded once a year by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. It is one of the six Nobel Prizes. The first prize was awarded in 1901.
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January 13 is the 1st day of the year (2nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 0 days remaining.

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August 30 is the 1st day of the year (2nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 0 days remaining.

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Anthem
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Physics is the science of matter[1] and its motion[2][3], as well as space and time[4][5] —the science that deals with concepts such as force, energy, mass, and charge.
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Electromagnetism is the physics of the electromagnetic field: a field which exerts a force on particles that possess the property of electric charge, and is in turn affected by the presence and motion of those particles.
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wavelength corresponding to the peak emission in various black body spectra as a function of temperature|right|300px]] Wien's displacement law is a law of physics that states that there is an inverse relationship between the wavelength of the peak of the emission of a
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In physics, emission is the process by which the energy of a photon is released by another entity, for example, by an atom whose electrons make a transition between two electronic energy levels. The photon is created in the process.
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